Dhaka University Journal of Applied Science & Engineering

• Taslima Ferdous
  Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka1000, Bangladesh
• M Sarwar Jahan
  Pulp and Paper Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
• M Abdul Quaiyyum
  Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka1000, Bangladesh

The formic acid (FA) pulping process is well-known for its advantage to overcome the problems caused by the presence of high silica and fines content of agriculture residues during pulping. In this context a new and unconventional raw material, cassava stalk was pulped using formic acid followed by treatment withperoxyformic acid (PFA) treatment was applied to the formic acid treated pulps at 800C for two hours.It was found that the FA/PFA process lowered pulp yield of cassava stalks when FA concentration was increased. The PFA pulping decreased the kappa number of the pulps. After the FA/PFA treatment of cassava stalks, the pulp yield reached 37- 42% with kappa number of 21-34 at different formic acid concentrations. FA/PFA pulp from cassava stalks did not show promising result in total chlorine free bleaching and final brightness reached only up to 54%.

1. Jahan, M.S., Uddin, M.N. and A.F. Akhtaruzzaman, “An approach for the use of agricultural by-products through a biorefinery in Bangladesh”, Forest Chronicle, 92(4), pp 447-452, 2016
2. Anon (2019) https://tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/gdp-growth-annual (accessed on 24 Jan 2019)
3. The World Bank Datahttps://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG? locations=BD(accessed on 24 Jan 2019)
4. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)of the United Nations Data (1999) www.apps.fao.org/lim500/nph-wrap.pl?FS.CropsAndProducts&Domain=FS&servlet=1
5. De Tafur, S.M., El-Sharkawy, M.A. and F. Calle, “Photosynthesis and yield performance of cassava in seasonally dry and semiarid environments”, Photosynthetica, 33(2), pp 229–257, 1997.
6. Alves, A.A.C., “Cassava botany and physiology. Cassava: biology, production and utilization”, CABI Publishing, pp.67-89, 2002.
7. El-Sharkawy, M.A., “Cassava biology and physiology”, Plant molecular biology, 56(4), pp 481-501, 2004.
8. Stanislas, T.T., Tendo, J.F., Ojo, E.B., Ngasoh, O.F., Onwualu, P.A., Njeugna, E. and H.S. Junior, “Production and characterization of pulp and nanofibrillated cellulose from selected tropical plants”, Journal of Natural Fibers, pp.1-17,2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1787915.
9. Ferdous, T., Quaiyyum, M.A. and M.S. Jahan, “Characterization and Pulping of Crops Residue: Eggplant, Cassava, Okra and Mulberry Plants”, Waste and Biomass Valorization, pp 1-8, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01236-6.
10. Tutus, A., Ezici, A.C. and S. Ates, “Chemical, morphological and anatomical properties and evaluation of cotton stalks (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in pulp industry”, Scientific Research and Essays, 5(12), pp 1553-1560, 2010.
11. Bowyer, B.J., Shmulsky, R. and J.G. Haygreen, “Forest Products and Wood Science: An Introduction”, 5thEd, Blackwell Publishing, 2007.
12. Rodríguez, A., Moral, A., Serrano, L., Labidi, J. and L. Jiménez, “Rice straw pulp obtained by using various methods”,Bioresource Technology, 99(8), pp 2881-2886, 2008.
13. Khristova, P., Kordaschia, O., Patt, R. and I. Karar, “Comparative alkaline pulping of two bamboo species from Sudan”,Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 40(5), pp 325-334, 2006.
14. Jahan, M.S., Shamsuzzaman, M., Rahman, M.M., Moeiz, S.I. and Y. Ni, “Effect of pre-extraction on soda-anthraquinone (AQ) pulping of rice straw”,Industrial Crops and Products, 37(1), pp 164-169, 2012.
15. Fiserova, M., Gigac, J., Majtnerova, A. and G. Szeiffova, “Evaluation of annual plants (Amaranthus caudatus L., Atriplexhortensis L., Helianthus tuberosus L.) for pulp production”, Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 40(6), pp 405-412, 2006.
16. Jahan, M.S., Lee, Z.Z. and Y. Jin, “Organic acid pulping of rice straw. I: cooking”, Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 30(3), pp 231-239, 2006.
17. Pan, X.J., Sano, Y. and T. Ito, “Atmospheric acetic acid pulping of rice straw II: behavior of ash and silica in rice straw during atmospheric acetic acid pulping and bleaching”, Holzforschung, 53(1), pp 49-55, 1999.
18. Jahan, M.S., “Formic acid pulping of bagasse”, Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 41(3), pp 245-250, 2006.
19. Seisto, A. and K. Poppius-Levlin, “Peroxyformic acid pulping of nonwood plants by the MILOX method. 1. Pulping and bleaching”, Tappi Journal, 80(9), pp 215-221, 1997.
20. Dapı́a, S., Santos, V. and J.C. Parajó, “Study of formic acid as an agent for biomass fractionation”, Biomass and Bioenergy, 22(3), pp213-221, 2002.
21. Jahan, M.S., Rahman, M.M., Sutradhar, S. and M.A. Quaiyyum, “Fractionation of rice straw for producing dissolving pulp in biorefinery concept”, Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 30(4), pp 562-567, 2015.
22. Ferdous, T., Jahan, M.S., Quaiyyum, M.A. and M.N. Uddin, “Formic acid pulping of crops residues available in Bangladesh”, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 10, pp 289-297, 2020
23. Ferdous, T., Quaiyyum, M.A., Arafat, K.M.Y. and Jahan, M.S., Characterization of chia plant (Salvia hispanica) for pulping. Tappi Journal, 19(10), pp.511-524, 2020
24. Ferdous, T., Quaiyyum, M. A., Bashar, S. and M.S. Jahan, “Anatomical, morphological and chemical characteristics of kaun straw (Seetaria-ltalika)”, Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 35(2), pp 288-298, 2020.
25. Sharma, A.K., Dutt, D., Upadhyaya, J.S. and T.K. Roy, 2011, “Anatomical, morphological, and chemical characterization of Bambusatulda, Dendrocalamushamiltonii, Bambusabalcooa, Malocanabaccifera, Bambusaarundinacea and Eucalyptus tereticornis”,BioResources, 6(4), 5062-5073
26. Kaur, H. and D. Dutt, “Anatomical, morphological and chemical characterization of lignocellulose by-products of lemon and sofia grasses obtained after recuperation of essential oils by steam distillation”, Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 47(1-2), pp 83-94, 2013
27. MacLeod, M., “The top ten factors in kraft pulp yield”,Paperi Ja Puu/Paper & Timber, 89(7), pp 417, 2007.
28. Clark, T.F., Cunningham, R.L. and I.A. Wolff, “A search for new fiber crops”,Tappi, 54(1), pp.63-65, 1971.
29. Sitch, D.A. and H.B. Marshall, “The effect of hemicelluloses on the papermaking properties of white birch”,Canadian Journal of Research, 28(10), pp 376-389, 1950.
30. Jahan, M.S., Chowdhury, N. and Y. Ni, “Effect of different locations on the morphological, chemical, pulping and papermaking properties of Trema orientalis (Nalita)”,Bioresource Technology, 101(6), pp1892-1898, 2010.
31. Agnihotri, S., Dutt, D. and C.H. Tyagi, “Complete characterization of bagasse of early species of Saccharum officinerum-Co 89003 for pulp and paper making”,BioResources, 5(2), pp 1197-1214, 2010
32. Gallay, W., “The Formation and Structure of Paper” In: F. Bolam, (ed) Britain Paper and Board Makers Tech. Assoc., London, 1962, pp. 537.
33. M.S. Jahan, Chowdhury, D.N. and Islam, M.K., “Pulping of dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata)”, Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 41(7), pp 413-421, 2007
34. L. Kham, Y.L. Bigot, B.B. Mlayah and Delmas, M., “Bleaching of solvent delignified wheat straw pulp”, Appita Journal, 58 (2), pp 135–137. 2005,
35. Seth, R.S., “Fibre Quality Factors in Papermaking—I The Importance of Fibre Length and Strength”, MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive, pp 197, 1990.
36. Scott, W.E., Abbott, J.C. and S. Trosset, “Properties of Paper: An Introduction”. Tappi Press, Atlanta, Georgia, 1995.